Traits link

When there are multiple different types behind a single interface, the interface can tell which concrete type to access. This is where the traits come in handy.

• What Are Traits?

Traits are used to define a standard set of behavior for multiple structs.

They are like interfaces in Java.

Suppose you want to calculate area for different shapes. We know that the area is calculated differently for every shape. The best solution is to make a trait and define an abstract method in it and implement that method within every struct impl construct.

Types of Methods in Traits link

There can be two types of methods in traits

• Concrete Method
  • The method that has a body meaning that implementation of the method is done within the method.
• Abstract Method
  • The method that does not have a body meaning that implementation of the method is done by each struct in its own impl construct.

Declare a Trait link

Traits are written with a trait keyword.

• Naming Convention Name of the trait is written in CamelCase

Implement a trait link

Traits can be implemented for any structure.

Example

The following example explains the concept of trait:

  fn main(){

   //create an instance of the structure

   let c = Circle  {

      radius : 2.0,

   };

   let r = Rectangle  {

      width : 2.0,

      height : 2.0,

   };

   println!("Area of Circle: {}", c.shape_area());

   println!("Area of Rectangle:{}", r.shape_area());

}

//declare a structure

struct Circle {

   radius : f32,

}

struct Rectangle{

    width : f32,

    height : f32,

}

//declare a trait

trait Area {

   fn shape_area(&self)->f32;

}

//implement the trait

impl Area for Circle {

   fn shape_area(&self)->f32{

      3.13* self.radius *self.radius

   }

}

impl Area for Rectangle {

   fn shape_area(&self)->f32{

      self.width * self.height

   }

}
  

output

  Area of Circle: 12.52
Area of Rectangle:4
  

Quiz link